From: caramaith <caramaith AT myokay DOT net>
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.djgpp
Subject: Re: odd compiler error in DJGPP...
Date: Sun, 05 Mar 2000 12:04:08 +0100
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Jason Green schrieb:
> 
> caramaith <caramaith AT myokay DOT net> wrote:
> 
> > help, I can't see what I did wrong....
> 
> Neither can we! ;-)
> 
> Show us the full source code.
> Show us the exact compile line(s).
> 
> Also please say which example number this is from the TIC++ book.


it's the CppLib.h, CppLib.cpp and CppLibTest.cpp from Chapter 4 of
Volume One of TIC++. Here they come...

-----------------

//: C04:CppLib.h
     // C-like library converted to C++

     struct Stash {
       int size;      // Size of each space
       int quantity;  // Number of storage spaces
       int next;      // Next empty space
        // Dynamically allocated array of bytes:
       unsigned char* storage;
       // Functions!
       void initialize(int size);
       void cleanup();
       int add(const void* element);
       void* fetch(int index);
       int count();
       void inflate(int increase);
     }; ///:~


-----------------

//: C04:CppLib.cpp {O}
     // C library converted to C++
     // Declare structure and functions:
     #include "CppLib.h"
     #include <iostream>
     #include <cassert>
     using namespace std;
     // Quantity of elements to add
     // when increasing storage:
     const int increment = 100;

     void Stash::initialize(int sz) {
       size = sz;
       quantity = 0;
       storage = 0;
       next = 0;
     }

     int Stash::add(const void* element) {
       if(next >= quantity) // Enough space left?
         inflate(increment);
       // Copy element into storage,
       // starting at next empty space:
       int startBytes = next * size;
       unsigned char* e = (unsigned char*)element;
       for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
         storage[startBytes + i] = e[i];
       next++;
       return(next - 1); // Index number
     }

     void* Stash::fetch(int index) {
       // Check index boundaries:
       assert(0 <= index);
       if(index >= next)
         return 0; // To indicate the end
       // Produce pointer to desired element:
       return &(storage[index * size]);
     }

     int Stash::count() {
       return next; // Number of elements in CStash
     }

     void Stash::inflate(int increase) {
       assert(increase > 0);
       int newQuantity = quantity + increase;
       int newBytes = newQuantity * size;
       int oldBytes = quantity * size;
       unsigned char* b = new unsigned char[newBytes];
       for(int i = 0; i < oldBytes; i++)
         b[i] = storage[i]; // Copy old to new
       delete []storage; // Old storage
       storage = b; // Point to new memory
       quantity = newQuantity;
     }

     void Stash::cleanup() {
       if(storage != 0) {
         cout << "freeing storage" << endl;
         delete []storage;
       }
     } ///:~

-----------------

//: C04:CppLibTest.cpp
     //{L} CppLib
     // Test of C++ library
     #include "CppLib.h"
     #include "../require.h"
     #include <fstream>
     #include <iostream>
     #include <string>
     using namespace std;

     int main() {
       Stash intStash;
       intStash.initialize(sizeof(int));
       for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
         intStash.add(&i);
       for(int j = 0; j < intStash.count(); j++)
         cout << "intStash.fetch(" << j << ") = "
              << *(int*)intStash.fetch(j)
              << endl;
       // Holds 80-character strings:
       Stash stringStash;
       const int bufsize = 80;
       stringStash.initialize(sizeof(char) * bufsize);
       ifstream in("CppLibTest.cpp");
       assure(in, "CppLibTest.cpp");
       string line;
       while(getline(in, line))
         stringStash.add(line.c_str());
       int k = 0;
       char* cp;
       while((cp =(char*)stringStash.fetch(k++)) != 0)
         cout << "stringStash.fetch(" << k << ") = "
              << cp << endl;
       intStash.cleanup();
       stringStash.cleanup();
     } ///:~


-----------------

...a very easy piece of code in my opinion. the exact compiler error
goes like this:

CppLibTest.cpp(2) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::initialize(int)'
CppLibTest.cpp(4) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::add(void
const*)'
CppLibTest.cpp(5) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::count(void)'
CppLibTest.cpp(8) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::fetch(int)'
CppLibTest.cpp(12) Error: undefined reference to
'Stash::initialize(int)'
CppLibTest.cpp(17) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::add(void
const*)'
CppLibTest.cpp(20) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::fetch(int)'
CppLibTest.cpp(23) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::cleanup(void)'
CppLibTest.cpp(24) Error: undefined reference to 'Stash::cleanup(void)'
Error: collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

....just referring to all functions called in the CppLibTester.cpp.
Maybe there's something special I have to be aware of when trying to
link c++, but I don't try to link any standard templates or
whatsoever....

greez cara