Date: Sat, 12 Jul 1997 20:09:24 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: <199707130009.UAA23390@delorie.com> From: DJ Delorie To: djgpp-workers AT delorie DOT com Subject: [kifox AT mail DOT geocities DOT com: Subject: Re: gcc and make.exe] Precedence: bulk Comments? ------- Start of forwarded message ------- X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Sat, 12 Jul 1997 09:18:06 -0600 (CST) From: "chris lee" Sender: kifox AT mail DOT geocities DOT com Return-Receipt-To: kifox AT mail DOT geocities DOT com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: dj AT delorie DOT com, kifox AT hotmail DOT com Subject: Subject: Re: gcc and make.exe >> The major problem with the readme.1st file is that it's clear as mud. It >> needs to be rewritten. >Go right ahead. If it's better than the current one, I'll replace it. Here's the rewritten readme.1st file (didn't think I'll actually do it, did you :D) You can use it as it is, or redit it, as I still think it needs some more work done to it. I'm sending it as an attachment to this message... This is the README.1ST file for DJGPP Version 2.01 DJGPP is a free environment for developing 32-bit protected mode software in C/C++ under MS-DOS. Status and other information (online docs, FAQ, mail archives) are made available through the djgpp web pages at http://www.delorie.com/. Discussion of DJGPP and questions about its usage or features are through the djgpp news group (post to comp.os.msdos.djgpp) and djgpp mailing list (send your messages to , subscribe through ). Look on the web page for information on the latest versions of various DJGPP packages. Version information is in manifest/*.ver within each zip. Contents are in manifest/*.mft in each zip. A different, more complete (and longer) tutorial on how to get started with DJGPP was written by An and is available by anonymous ftp from x2ftp.oulu.fi in the /pub/msdos/programming/djgpp2 directory, filename djtut-bm.zip. You can also read it on-line by pointing your Web browser to this URL: http://remus.rutgers.edu/~avly/djgpp.html - ---------------------------- GETTING STARTED WITH DJGPPP (What you should download) - ---------------------------- The info below is the minimum new users should know to get them up and running with DJGPP. Please read the DJGPP documentation and the FAQ list for further details. New users are encouraged to read the FAQ list in its entirety The minimum DJGPP installation for most users who wish to compile C programs will consist of the following files from either SimTel or an Simtel mirror site: v2/readme.1st v2/djdev201.zip v2gnu/bnu27b.zip v2gnu/gcc2721b.zip If you intend to work in DOS, or run progams created with DGJPPP from DOS you'll need the following archive in addition to the ones mentioned above: v2misc/csdpmi3b.zip If you wish to compile C++ programs, you'll need to download and install the following archives in addition to the ones mentioned above for C : v2gnu/gpp2721b.zip v2gnu/lgp271b.zip For those who find that they need GNU Make, the archive is located found in: v2gnu/mak375b.zip In general, download the binary distributions only; most people will find that they don't need the source distributions. - --------------------------------- INSTALLING DGJPPP ON YOUR SYSTEM - --------------------------------- 1. Create a directory for DJGPP, say C:\DJGPP. If you have version 1.x installed, it's best to delete the contents of its `bin/' subdirectory or move it to another directory (not on your PATH), and delete everything else from that installation. (Some of the problems reported by users of DJGPP v2 were caused by inadvertently mixing it with old v1.x programs.) The only program from v1.x that you should keep is `go32.exe'. 2. Unzip the zip files from that directory, preserving the directory structure. For example: pkunzip -d gcc2721b or unzip386 gcc2721b 3. After unzipping all the zip files, set the DJGPP environment variable to point to the file DJGPP.ENV in the main DJGPP installation directory and add its BIN subdirectory to your PATH. Assuming your DJGPP installation is rooted at C:\DJGPP, put these two lines into your autoexec.bat file: set DJGPP=C:\DJGPP\DJGPP.ENV set PATH=C:\DJGPP\BIN;%PATH% 4. Run the go32-v2.exe program without arguments: go32-v2 It should report how much DPMI memory and swap space can DJGPP use on you system, like this: DPMI memory available: 8020 Kb DPMI swap space available: 39413 Kb (The actual numbers will vary according to amount of RAM installed on your system, the available disk space and the DPMI server.) If go32-v2 reports less than 4 MBytes of DPMI memory, read section 3.8 of the FAQ. (If you have more than that, but want to get the optimal performance from your system, read that section anyway.) - ------------------------------------ Compiling C/C++ programs using DJGPP - ------------------------------------ Most of the on-line documentation is organized in a special hypertext format used by the GNU project. Each package brings its docs which are files with .iNN extension and are unzipped into the info/ subdirectory of your main DJGPP installation directory. To browse these docs, get and unzip the file txi390b.zip, then run info.exe. If you don't know how to use Info, press `?'. GCC is a command-line compiler, which you invoke from DOS command line. To compile and link a single-file C program, use a command like this: gcc myfile.c -o myfile.exe -lm The -lm links in the lib/libm.a library (trig math) if needed. (Link order is significant, so if you need libm.a, always put `-lm' at the end of the command line.) To compile a C or C++ source file into an object file, use this command line: gcc -c -Wall myfile.c (for C source) or gcc -c -Wall myfile.cc (for C++ source) This produces the object file myfile.o. The `-Wall' switch turns on many useful warning messages which are especially beneficial for new users of GCC. (Other C++ extensions, like .cpp, are also supported, see section 8.4 of the FAQ for details.) To link several C object files into an executable program, use a command line such as this: gcc -o myprog.exe mymain.o mysub1.o mysub2.o This produces `myprog.exe' which can be run from the DOS prompt. To link a C++ program, use gxx instead of gcc, like this: gxx -o myprog.exe mymain.o mysub1.o mysub2.o This will automatically search the C++ libraries, so you won't need to mention them on the command line. You can also combine the compilation and link steps, like this: gcc -Wall -o myprog.exe mymain.c mysub1.c mysub2.c Further info about the plethora of GCC switches can be found in the GCC on-line documentation. To begin reading it, install the Texinfo package (txi390b.zip, see the ``On-line docs'' section below) and type this: info gcc invoking - ------------------------------------------- Debugging C/C++ programs created with DJGPP - ------------------------------------------- To debug a program, you must first compile its source files with `-g' switch: gcc -c -Wall -g mymain.c gcc -c -Wall -g mysub1.c gcc -c -Wall -g mysub2.c and then link with `-g' as well: gcc -g -o myprog.exe mymain.o mysub1.o mysub2.o (Note that with v2.01 of DJGPP, it is no longer necessary to compile to a raw COFF output by omitting the `.exe' from the filename in order to debug programs. The new v2.01 debuggers are capable of reading an executable as well as the raw COFF. If you don't understand this, don't worry about it.) Then run your program under the debugger: fsdb myprog.exe or gdb myprog.exe or edebug32 myprog.exe (You will have to get gdb416b.zip if you want to debug with GDB.) FSDB has its help screen; press F1 to read it. GDB comes with Info docs (see below) which can be read with info.exe. Edebug32 is a seldom-used alternative debugger; type 'h' to get help. - -------------------------------- Development environment (aka IDE) - --------------------------------- Currently, DJGPP doesn't come with an integrated environment of its own. You are free to choose any editor that can launch DOS programs and catch their output, to act as an IDE. Many people who work with DJGPP use a DOS port of GNU Emacs (it's available from the same place you got DJGPP) which can be compiled with DJGPP. Emacs is a very powerful editor (for example, it has a built-in Info reader, so you can read DJGPP documentation without leaving the editor), but many other free editors can serve as an IDE. The only task that these editors (including Emacs) cannot do is to run a debugger in a full-screen session. A DJGPP-specific IDE called RHIDE has recently been released and is now available to all DJGPP users. It features a Turbo C-style interface, auto-indentation, color syntax highlighting, automatic invocation of the DJGPP compiler, automatic Makefile generation, and easy access to the DJGPP online documentation. RHIDE also incorporates integrated and/or standalone debugging using the same functionality as the GNU Debugger (gdb). Since RHIDE is brand new, there are still revisions and bugfixes being made; visit http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/~rho/rhide.html for the latest information and updates. - ------------------------ Misc information - ------------------------ Compatibility with V2.00 If you are upgrading from version 2.00 of DJGPP to version 2.01, you should completely reinstall all the packages you need to use. Because of the different methods used by V2.01 to handle long command lines (and long filenames under Win95), mixing V2.00 and V2.01 programs can cause very subtle and difficult to debug problems. See the FAQ section 16.6 for more information. Compatibility with V1.x Existing binaries compiled under DJGPP V1.x can be used for applications for which there is no v2.0 version. V1 programs cannot run V2 programs (but v2 programs *can* run v1 programs), so don't try, say, using v1.x Make to run v2.0 compiler. THE DISTRIBUTION The 'b' zips include the binaries and on-line documentation. At the time of writing this file, the various packages are: FAQ A short file which points you to other documents you should read (including the full FAQ list). v2/ unzip386 A free program to unzip the archive (like PKUNZIP) djdev201 DJGPP V2 Development Kit and Runtime djlsr201 DJGPP V2 Base Library Sources djtst201 DJGPP V2 Test Programs djcrx201 DJGPP V2 For Building a Cross-to-DOS Compiler faq210b The full FAQ list in various formats (Info, ASCII, HTML...) faq210s The Texinfo sources of the FAQ and tools to generate all the different formats of the FAQ frfaq020 DJGPP FAQ en Francais v2apps/ rhide11b Integrated Development Environment for V2 rhide11s Sources for RHIDE v2gnu/ bnu27b GNU binutils 2.7 for DJGPP V2 bnu27s GNU binutils 2.7 sources bsh1147b GNU bash 1.14.7 for DJGPP V2 bsh1147s GNU bash 1.14.7 sources bsn124b GNU bison 1.24 for DJGPP V2 bsn124s GNU bison 1.24 sources dif271b GNU diffutils 2.7.1 for DJGPP V2 dif271s GNU diffutils 2.7.1 sources em1934b GNU emacs 19.34 Binaries for DJGPP V2 em1934l? GNU emacs 19.34 Elisp sources (3 files) em1934r? GNU emacs 19.34 Runtime support (3 files) em1934s? GNU emacs 19.34 sources (3 files) fil313b GNU fileutils 3.13 for DJGPP V2 fil313s GNU fileutils 3.13 sources find41b GNU findutils 4.1 for DJGPP V2 find41s GNU findutils 4.1 sources flx252b GNU Flex 2.5.2 for DJGPP V2 flx252s GNU Flex 2.5.2 sources g770519b GNU Fortran77 0.5.19 for DJGPP V2 g770519s GNU Fortran77 0.5.19 sources gcc2721b GNU GCC 2.7.2.1 for DJGPP V2 gcc2721s GNU GCC 2.7.2.1 sources gdb416b GNU Debugger 4.16 for DJGPP V2 gdb416s GNU Debugger 4.16 sources gdbm173b GDBM 1.7.3 binaries for DJGPP V2 gdbm173s GDBM 1.7.3 sources gpc20b GNU Pascal 2.0 binaries for DJGPP V2 gpc20s GNU Pascal 2.0 sources gpp2721b GNU G++ 2.7.2.1 for DJGPP V2 (no libs) gpt112b GNU Pascal with Turbo Pascal Extensions grep20b GNU grep 2.0 for DJGPP V2 grep20s GNU grep 2.0 sources gwk302b GNU awk 3.0.2 for DJGPP V2 gwk302s GNU awk 3.0.2 sources gzp124b GNU gzip 1.2.4 for DJGPP V2 gzp124s GNU gzip 1.2.4 sources isp3120b GNU ispell 3.1.20 for DJGPP V2 isp3120s GNU ispll 3.1.20 sources lgp271b GNU libg++ 2.7.1 for DJGPP V2 lgp271s GNU libg++ 2.7.1 sources lss321b GNU less 321 binaries for DJGPP V2 lss321s GNU less 321 sources mak375b GNU Make 3.75 for DJGPP V2 mak375s GNU Make 3.75 sources obc2721b GNU ObjC 2.7.2.1 for DJGPP V2 pat21b GNU patch 2.1 for DJGPP V2 pat21s GNU patch 2.1 sources rcs5712b GNU rcs 5.7pl12 for DJGPP V2 rcs5712s GNU rcs 5.7pl12 sources sed118b GNU sed 1.18 for DJGPP V2 sed118s GNU sed 1.18 sources shl112b GNU sh-utils 1.12 for DJGPP V2 shl112s GNU sh-utils 1.12 sources txi390b GNU texinfo 3.9 for DJGPP V2 txi390s GNU texinfo 3.7 sources txt119b GNU textutils 1.19 for DJGPP V2 txt119s GNU textutils 1.19 sources v2tk/ alleg21 Allegro 2.1 source - game library bcc2grx Borland GUI to GRX interface for DJGPP V2 bcserio Bill Currie's Serial Comms Package djgpptsr Example of writing TSRs with DJGPP gccsjis Patch to gcc to compile JIS src (beta) grx20 GRX 2.0 Graphics Library for DJGPP V2 jkthpack JK's DOS Thread Package jptui37d JPTUI Text User Interface libkb100 Portable low-level keyboard library lmb051b JIS Multibyte library (beta) lmb051s JIS Multibyte library source (beta) lw03b JIS Wide-char library (beta) lw03s JIS Wide-char library source (beta) mkkbd3 Keyboard Handler Examples mttws121 Malcom Taylor's Windowing System pdc22 Public-domain Curses library rsxntdj1 RSX/NT for DJGPP sw21_dj1 SWORD Windowing system, Binaries for DJGPP V1 sw21_dj2 SWORD Windowing system, Binaries for DJGPP V2 sw21_doc SWORD Windowing system, documentations sw21_p1 SWORD Windowing system, Part 1 sw21_p2 SWORD Windowing system, Part 2 sw21_tc SWORD Windowing system, Binaries for TurboC tvisionb TurboVision libraries and headers tvisions TurboVision Sources v2misc/ csdpmi3b CWSDPMI, Charles Sandmann's free DPMI server binaries and docs csdpmi3s CWSDPMI sources infng100 Convert INFO to Norton Guides mlp105b ML's Executable File Packer Binaries mlp105s ML's Executable File Packer Sources pmode11b PMODE stub for djgpp V2 pmode11s PMODE stub for djgpp V2 wmemu2b WM's 387 emulator binaries for DJGPP V2 wmemu2s WM's 387 emulator sources for DJGPP V2 - --- COPYRIGHT --- DJGPP V2 is Copyright (C) 1995 by DJ Delorie. Some parts of libc.a are Copyright (C) Regents of the University of California at Berkeley. GNU software (gcc, make, libg++, etc) is Copyright by the Free Software Foundation. DJGPP V2's copyright allows it to be used to produce commercial applications. However, if you include code or libraries that are not part of djgpp (like gnu's libg++) then you must comply with their copyrights. See Chapter 19 of the FAQ for more details. Enjoy! DJ Delorie dj AT delorie DOT com http://www.delorie.com/ ------- End of forwarded message -------