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Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2025 19:22:00 +0900
To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com
Subject: Re: [gcc] Bug in emutls?
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From: Takashi Yano via Cygwin <cygwin AT cygwin DOT com>
Reply-To: Takashi Yano <takashi DOT yano AT nifty DOT ne DOT jp>
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Hi Achim,

On Sat, 8 Nov 2025 21:01:56 +0900
Takashi Yano via Cygwin <cygwin AT cygwin DOT com> wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> I encountered a problem with static thread_local in C++ program.
> The following simple reproducer does not work as expected if it
> runs under cygwin 3.7.0 (Test), while it works under cygwin 3.6.5.
> 
> To conclude, this was not a bug in Cygwin 3.7.0.
> 
> This is triggered by the commit:
> commit ebd92b128f62a0b3c270319487b8486abdfa405b
> Author: Takashi Yano <takashi DOT yano AT nifty DOT ne DOT jp>
> Date:   Fri Apr 4 21:22:27 2025 +0900
> 
>     Cygwin: thread: Use simple array instead of List<pthread_key>
> 
> where the call order of the destructors for pthread_key was changed.
> The call order can depend on implementation. So the code using
> pthread_key should not expect any predetermined call order of the
> destuctors.
> 
> The result of the following code is
> 1: 0xa00016938
> 2: 0xa00016b98
> X::print(): 2
> X::print(): 1
> X::~X(): 1
> X::~X(): 2
> under cygwin 3.6.5, while it is
> 1: 0xa00016938
> 2: 0xa00016b98
> X::print(): 2
> X::print(): 1
> X::~X(): 2133815816
> X::~X(): 2133815816
> under cygwin 3.7.0 (Test).
> 
> I looked into the problem, and found that the executable for
> the following code registers two pthread_keys with each destructor;
> one is void emutls_destroy(void *ptr) in libgcc/emutls.c, and the
> other is void run(void *p) in libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/atexit_thread.cc.
> emutls_destroy() free's the memory erea of static thread_local X,
> that is accessed from X::~X() which is called from run(). As a result,
> if the emutls_destroy() is called before run(), run() referres to
> the memory erea already free'ed.
> 
> I think this is a bug of gcc. This issue does not occur in Linux,
> because Linux does not use emutls.
> 
> Any idea?
> 
> 
> #include <thread>
> #include <cstdio>
> #include <unistd.h>
> 
> class X {
> 	int n;
> public:
> 	X(int n1) : n(n1) {}
> 	~X() {
> 		printf("X::~X(): %d\n", n);
> 	}
> 	void print() {
> 		printf("X::print(): %d\n", n);
> 	}
> };
> 
> void func(int n) {
> 	static thread_local X x(n);
> 	printf("%d: %p\n", n, &x);
> 	usleep(10000);
> 	x.print();
> 	usleep(10000);
> }
> 
> int main() {
> 	std::thread t1(func, 1);
> 	std::thread t2(func, 2);
> 
> 	t1.join();
> 	t2.join();
> 
> 	return 0;
> }

Any idea?

-- 
Takashi Yano <takashi DOT yano AT nifty DOT ne DOT jp>

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