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Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
 boundary="----sinikael-?=_1-17618248255950.4033030765522001"
Message-Id: <1761818755428.1050851142.2466019548@ezweb.ne.jp>
To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com
Subject: Deadlock in cygwin1.dll when joining a thread before thread_local
 initialization
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2025 11:47:05 +0000
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From: Tomohiro Kashiwada via Cygwin <cygwin AT cygwin DOT com>
Reply-To: Tomohiro Kashiwada <tomohiro-kashiwada AT ezweb DOT ne DOT jp>
Sender: "Cygwin" <cygwin-bounces~archive-cygwin=delorie DOT com AT cygwin DOT com>

------sinikael-?=_1-17618248255950.4033030765522001
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Hello,


I found a deadlock in cygwin1.dll that occurs during process cleanup.

It happens when the following conditions are met:
- A thread is launched that will initialize the thread_local slot for a 
variable whose destructor is non-trivial.
- The main thread waits to join that thread during global destructor calls, 
before the thread has initialized the thread_local slot.

The former condition refers to a function-scope static thread_local 
variable, or a global thread_local variable whose name has not yet been 
referenced by any thread.

Here is a reproducer (the same file is attached), compile with g++ 13.4.0 
regardless of optimization, and run under cygwin 3.6.5-1
---------------------------------------------

#include <thread>

struct the_type {
   ~the_type() {}
};
struct myjthread {
   template <typename F>
   myjthread(F f): thr(f) {}
   ~myjthread() { thr.join(); }
   std::thread thr;
};

thread_local the_type g_v;


int main() {
   // if main thread accesses the thread_local variable first, pattern2 
doesn't matter
   //g_v = {};
   static myjthread t([] {
     //std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); //< this sleep 
might increase reproducibility

     // pattern1: static thread_local
     static thread_local the_type s_v;

     // pattern2: global thread_local; its slot is allocated in this thread
     //g_v = {};
   });
}

---------------------------------------------

This issue was observed as a random hang in the LLVM test suite.

Although the triggering thread_local variable in LLVM can be removed, I 
hope the runtime can be fixed.

Regards,

--
Tomohiro Kashiwada (@kikairoya)


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#include <thread>

struct the_type {
  ~the_type() {}
};
struct myjthread {
  template <typename F>
  myjthread(F f): thr(f) {}
  ~myjthread() { thr.join(); }
  std::thread thr;
};

thread_local the_type g_v;

int main() {
  // if main thread accesses the thread_local variable first, pattern2 =
doesn't matter
  //g_v =3D {};
  static myjthread t([] {
    //std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); //< this sleep =
might increase reproducibility

    // pattern1: static thread_local
    static thread_local the_type s_v;

    // pattern2: global thread_local; its slot is allocated in this thread
    //g_v =3D {};
  });
}

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