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Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2023 15:52:04 -0600
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Subject: Re: Most git executables are hard links to git.exe?
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From: Brian Inglis via Cygwin <cygwin AT cygwin DOT com>
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Cc: Brian Inglis <Brian DOT Inglis AT Shaw DOT ca>, Jim Garrison <jhg AT jhmg DOT net>,
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On 2023-07-21 14:59, Jim Garrison via Cygwin wrote:
> Git comes with over 100 executables, mostly in /usr/libexec/git-core,
> that all appear to be *hard* links to /bin/git, in both Cygwin and
> Windows. The Windows fsutil command shows they're all hard linked:
> 
>      C:\Users\jim>fsutil hardlink list "c:\cygwin64\bin\git.exe"
>      \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-add.exe
>      \cygwin64\bin\git-upload-archive.exe
>      \cygwin64\bin\git-upload-pack.exe
>      \cygwin64\bin\git.exe
>      \cygwin64\bin\git-receive-pack.exe
>      \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-am.exe
>      \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-annotate.exe
>      [snip]
> 
> This is confirmed in a Cygwin bash session showing they all have the
> same inode number.
> 
>      jim AT HOME10 /usr/libexec/git-core
>      $ ls -il
>      total 492832
>       34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git.exe
>       34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-add.exe
>       34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-am.exe
>       34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 
> git-annotate.exe
>       34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-apply.exe
>       [snip]
> 
> This causes other Windoze programs not aware of hard links (such as even
> Windows Explorer :-( and Retrospect backup) to treat them as actual
> files. In the case of Retrospect (and I suspect most backup programs)
> this results in backing up 400MB instead of 3MB.
> 
> I'm curious to know if there's a specific reason for this implementation
> that would make it the choice over symbolic links.

For the same reason you are complaining about backups not taking hardlinks into 
account: to avoid distributing 400MB instead of 3MB.

Cygwin backup utilities should be able to deal with these e.g. rsync -H, 
--hard-links, although it appears xcopy and robocopy may not under Windows 10; 
don't know about other utilities or Windows 11.

-- 
Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis              Calgary, Alberta, Canada

La perfection est atteinte                   Perfection is achieved
non pas lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à ajouter  not when there is no more to add
mais lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à retirer     but when there is no more to cut
                                 -- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry


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