X-Recipient: archive-cygwin AT delorie DOT com DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.11.0 sourceware.org DF6AF3851C20 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=cygwin.com; s=default; t=1689976344; bh=38CaoOf18zLUHEn20b7avy/hGqHWLzCQ+UZz5ZVZ7EU=; h=Date:Subject:To:References:In-Reply-To:List-Id:List-Unsubscribe: List-Archive:List-Post:List-Help:List-Subscribe:From:Reply-To:Cc: From; b=Dtr9g7seNxPkQWGcIa5y2lT/oQ9YDJAB+9ALtAQbo/O0643lq8kN9j2G2i8Q+gk4R 7fRgGrhfzPa5QMwxs5kE5QMZipzlXjtfJvafLjKVdOw7zpLCLFyWVNte+9Cu0Jawd6 H77qnU/jG35ghNm5mAEo7/RCrhwPQB4WE+FA4vW0= X-Original-To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com Delivered-To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.4.2 sourceware.org 78EDC3855587 X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=J8G5USrS c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=64bafe05 a=DxHlV3/gbUaP7LOF0QAmaA==:117 a=DxHlV3/gbUaP7LOF0QAmaA==:17 a=IkcTkHD0fZMA:10 a=V1JcC2m73iLE1JSLwyYA:9 a=QEXdDO2ut3YA:10 Message-ID: Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2023 15:52:04 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/102.13.0 Subject: Re: Most git executables are hard links to git.exe? Content-Language: en-CA To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com References: Organization: Inglis In-Reply-To: X-CMAE-Envelope: MS4xfNkJKlOki95mPsogwficrkFOte/WL3HnGTEtOLxbhgUsd0oGOVUy9wmFbFoavmGDEL7u4j7lho7KMftbvzrRsG4qalqPTx1PtmluWcUhMZOF/YnnhG56 U7UCrG8m/Vx+1L2a9WWuj7c7z37zwcjG6N829XdlvnQsVJpaLaglpECh9mHKPencQr71L1VoV+U4RFXIL48QIyvCQiuq5el4mCyTVneQjUrDe7MBG9WeKEOk X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.8 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00, BODY_8BITS, DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU, DKIM_VALID_EF, NICE_REPLY_A, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW, SPF_HELO_NONE, SPF_PASS, TXREP, T_SCC_BODY_TEXT_LINE autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.6 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.6 (2021-04-09) on server2.sourceware.org X-BeenThere: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: General Cygwin discussions and problem reports List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , From: Brian Inglis via Cygwin Reply-To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com Cc: Brian Inglis , Jim Garrison , jhg AT acm DOT org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed" Errors-To: cygwin-bounces+archive-cygwin=delorie DOT com AT cygwin DOT com Sender: "Cygwin" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by delorie.com id 36LLqQqD023082 On 2023-07-21 14:59, Jim Garrison via Cygwin wrote: > Git comes with over 100 executables, mostly in /usr/libexec/git-core, > that all appear to be *hard* links to /bin/git, in both Cygwin and > Windows. The Windows fsutil command shows they're all hard linked: > >     C:\Users\jim>fsutil hardlink list "c:\cygwin64\bin\git.exe" >     \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-add.exe >     \cygwin64\bin\git-upload-archive.exe >     \cygwin64\bin\git-upload-pack.exe >     \cygwin64\bin\git.exe >     \cygwin64\bin\git-receive-pack.exe >     \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-am.exe >     \cygwin64\usr\libexec\git-core\git-annotate.exe >     [snip] > > This is confirmed in a Cygwin bash session showing they all have the > same inode number. > >     jim AT HOME10 /usr/libexec/git-core >     $ ls -il >     total 492832 >      34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git.exe >      34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-add.exe >      34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-am.exe >      34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 > git-annotate.exe >      34621422135881770 -rwxr-xr-x 142 jim None 3474451 Dec 12  2022 git-apply.exe >      [snip] > > This causes other Windoze programs not aware of hard links (such as even > Windows Explorer :-( and Retrospect backup) to treat them as actual > files. In the case of Retrospect (and I suspect most backup programs) > this results in backing up 400MB instead of 3MB. > > I'm curious to know if there's a specific reason for this implementation > that would make it the choice over symbolic links. For the same reason you are complaining about backups not taking hardlinks into account: to avoid distributing 400MB instead of 3MB. Cygwin backup utilities should be able to deal with these e.g. rsync -H, --hard-links, although it appears xcopy and robocopy may not under Windows 10; don't know about other utilities or Windows 11. -- Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis Calgary, Alberta, Canada La perfection est atteinte Perfection is achieved non pas lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à ajouter not when there is no more to add mais lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à retirer but when there is no more to cut -- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry -- Problem reports: https://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: https://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: https://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: https://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple