X-Recipient: archive-cygwin AT delorie DOT com DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=sourceware.org; h=list-id :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe:list-archive:list-post :list-help:sender:date:from:to:subject:message-id:mime-version :content-type; q=dns; s=default; b=fpsO70fLPekXxluYmJvU60wEUzs84 2iVhSv2Arukxl/BvgfP+w7MKBgPa5GhJpdjWr6fzVUXqXnJ01gS4QBnujLvUaS7e 6N17XmL86Ts50Eel47JsZ41lCaG2mS5kJvC5cUZFlLcb4yk1mav2P+yMFLZET9Jb OI3GQz2DnMgTdk= DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=sourceware.org; h=list-id :list-unsubscribe:list-subscribe:list-archive:list-post :list-help:sender:date:from:to:subject:message-id:mime-version :content-type; s=default; bh=k6XKGzSc8b1LKb2qb4bIp/+HkpI=; b=JoV 8H82qvI0Y5SkZBfdm/hDfBCflTQKTWsKTUWXvBYBF/hRLwhfHTHdUtYQqvuaJFP/ X1I/eterM76MH4CCdU1z0ao/ogZWZV7qVQW7Gle039AH+Y51/TU9+Ez0zf0PH1MV J9vRtzWyS4OZ3E5YnEYSPNyZhtsejxLqhUjBvHRA= Mailing-List: contact cygwin-help AT cygwin DOT com; run by ezmlm List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: , Sender: cygwin-owner AT cygwin DOT com Mail-Followup-To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com Delivered-To: mailing list cygwin AT cygwin DOT com Authentication-Results: sourceware.org; auth=none X-Spam-SWARE-Status: No, score=-1.5 required=5.0 tests=AWL,BAYES_05 autolearn=ham version=3.3.1 spammy=senior, EMail, Their, jun X-HELO: mx3.rus.uni-stuttgart.de Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 19:15:16 +0100 From: Ulli Horlacher To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com Subject: hardlinks on directories? Message-ID: <20200130181516.GA29782@tik.uni-stuttgart.de> Mail-Followup-To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.23 (2014-03-12) X-IsSubscribed: yes (I am a UNIX senior admin, but have VERY few knowledge on Windows) UNIX does not support hard links on directories (in opposite to Windows?). I found: /: uname -a CYGWIN_NT-10.0 W10dev 3.1.2(0.340/5/3) 2019-12-21 15:25 x86_64 Cygwin /: ls -ldi /bin /usr/bin 281474976929589 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jan 29 16:01 /bin 281474976929589 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jan 29 16:01 /usr/bin /: ls -ldi /lib /usr/lib 281474976929595 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jun 15 2018 /lib 281474976929595 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jun 15 2018 /usr/lib Are this directory hard links? Their content seems to be identical. (How) can I find out with Cygwin which directories are hard links? I could run "find / -xdev -type d -printf "%i %p\n" and look for same inodes. Is there a better methode? /: find / -xdev -type d -printf "%i %p\n" | perl -wne 'push @{$i{$1}},$2 if /^(\d+) (.+)/; END { foreach $n (keys %i) { @f = @{$i{$n}}; print "$n: @f\n" if scalar(@f) > 1} }' | sort -n | head 2: /proc /cygdrive 281474976929589: /bin /usr/bin 281474976929595: /lib /usr/lib 281474976935384: /lib/pkcs11 /usr/lib/pkcs11 281474976935494: /lib/gawk /usr/lib/gawk 281474976938256: /lib/groff /usr/lib/groff 281474976939240: /lib/security /usr/lib/security 281474976939616: /lib/engines-1.1 /usr/lib/engines-1.1 281474976939876: /lib/sasl2_3 /usr/lib/sasl2_3 281474976940081: /lib/p7zip /usr/lib/p7zip Not so good... too much hits: "/lib/pkcs11 /usr/lib/pkcs11" are already in "/lib /usr/lib" -- Ullrich Horlacher Server und Virtualisierung Rechenzentrum TIK Universitaet Stuttgart E-Mail: horlacher AT tik DOT uni-stuttgart DOT de Allmandring 30a Tel: ++49-711-68565868 70569 Stuttgart (Germany) WWW: http://www.tik.uni-stuttgart.de/ REF:<20200130181516 DOT GA29782 AT tik DOT uni-stuttgart DOT de> -- Problem reports: http://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: http://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: http://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: http://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple