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Subject: Re: Cygwin ssh and Windows authentication
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From: Jarek <yaro_29 AT hotmail DOT com>
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2015 20:57:36 +0200
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On 2015-07-21 22:36, Andrey Repin wrote:
> Greetings, Jarek!
>
>>>> So why are they not needed as your comment doesn't really explain that
>>> Read 1.7.35 changelog.
>>> In short, username resolution was completely reworked, thanks to Corinna, and
>>> Cygwin now directly address domain controllers for it.
>> OK so it addresses DCs to check some settings or priviliges. I don't
>> suppose it just asks 'hey DS, can contoso\johnd access sshd on server1?'
> Indirectly, that can be done, i.e., by including a user in "SSH" group and
> allow only "DOMAIN+SSH" group to authorize on server.
I assume the group name is arbitrary and can be named anything.
I went thrugh local rights on my sshserver and I see the Everyone, and 
Users local groups have Allow to access this computer via network.
I take it the 'Act as part of the OS','Create a token object' and 
'Replace a process level token' rights are only for the account running 
the sshd service.
>
>> to which the DC is like 'dude, what the heck is sshd?' :)
> This is not that simple. The actual authentication is done by SSH itself in
> this case. Same as on *NIX. For THIS (or, more precisely, to craft auth token
> which IS THE "user" in terms of OS access control) it needs certain privileges.
> The details are in documentation I linked earlier, the next question about
> using public keys with SSH.
I take it the 'Act as part of the OS','Create a token object' and 
'Replace a process level token' rights are only for the account running 
the sshd service.
>
>> I now have the cygwin service running in domain context so now I would
>> somehow need to let the DC know whe is allowed to ssh to my server1.
> By default, everyone will be allowed, and they will have only what rights they
> have, as the actual access control is done by OS itself, once the user is
> authenticated.
>
>> My domain account, although in local admins on the server is now failing
>> authentication when trying to ssh. Which gets us back to the question what
>> do I need for a DC to authenticate me?
> Nothing more than what is stated in the FAQ entry.
> I suggest starting from a new Cygwin install (stop and remove installed Cygwin
> services and rename your existing installation out of the way) and recheck the
> results.
> Verbose logging from both client and server may give some insight, too.

Here is what I get from the logs on the client when attempting to 
connect with WinSCP

17:04:05.612 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

17:04:05.612 WinSCP Version 4.1.9 (Build 416) (OS 6.2.9200)

17:04:05.612 Login time: 22 July 2015 17:04:05

17:04:05.613 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

17:04:05.613 Session name: sshserver

17:04:05.613 Host name: sshserver (Port: 22)

17:04:05.613 User name: contoso\testuser (Password: Yes, Key file: No)

17:04:05.613 Tunnel: No

17:04:05.613 Transfer Protocol: SFTP (SCP)

17:04:05.613 Ping type: -, Ping interval: 30 sec; Timeout: 15 sec

17:04:05.613 Proxy: none

17:04:05.613 SSH protocol version: 2; Compression: No

17:04:05.613 Bypass authentication: No

17:04:05.613 Try agent: Yes; Agent forwarding: No; TIS/CryptoCard: No; 
KI: Yes; GSSAPI: No

17:04:05.613 Ciphers: aes,blowfish,3des,WARN,arcfour,des; Ssh2DES: No

17:04:05.613 SSH Bugs: -,-,-,-,-,-,-,-

17:04:05.613 SFTP Bugs: -,-

17:04:05.613 Return code variable: Autodetect; Lookup user groups: Yes

17:04:05.613 Shell: default, EOL: 0

17:04:05.613 Clear aliases: Yes, Unset nat.vars: Yes, Resolve symlinks: Yes

17:04:05.613 LS: ls -la, Ign LS warn: Yes, Scp1 Comp: No

17:04:05.613 Local directory: default, Remote directory: home, Update: 
No, Cache: Yes

17:04:05.613 Cache directory changes: Yes, Permanent: Yes

17:04:05.613 DST mode: 1

17:04:05.613 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

17:04:05.644 Looking up host "sshserver"

17:04:05.645 Connecting to 159.x.x.x port 22

17:04:05.649 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.649 Detected network event

17:04:05.693 Detected network event

17:04:05.693 Server version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.8

17:04:05.693 We claim version: SSH-2.0-WinSCP_release_4.1.9

17:04:05.693 SSPI: acquired credentials for: testuser AT contoso DOT com

17:04:05.693 Constructed service principal name 'host/sshserver'

17:04:05.693 Enabling GSSKEX for this target

17:04:05.694 Using SSH protocol version 2

17:04:05.694 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.708 Detected network event

17:04:05.708 Doing Diffie-Hellman group exchange

17:04:05.708 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.720 Detected network event

17:04:05.720 Doing Diffie-Hellman key exchange with hash SHA-1

17:04:05.760 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.768 Detected network event

17:04:05.821 Host key fingerprint is:

17:04:05.952 ssh-rsa 2048 eb:74:f2:52:b1:08:e9:25:11:9a:e3:e7:b0:94:74:18

17:04:05.952 Initialised AES-256 SDCTR client->server encryption

17:04:05.952 Initialised HMAC-SHA1 client->server MAC algorithm

17:04:05.952 Initialised AES-256 SDCTR server->client encryption

17:04:05.952 Initialised HMAC-SHA1 server->client MAC algorithm

17:04:05.952 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.966 Detected network event

17:04:05.966 Using username "CONTOSO\TESTUSER".

17:04:05.969 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.976 Detected network event

17:04:05.976 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:05.977 Detected network event

17:04:05.977 Keyboard-interactive authentication refused

17:04:05.977 Prompt (6, SSH password, , &Password: )

17:04:05.977 Using stored password.

17:04:05.979 Sent password

17:04:05.979 Waiting for the server to continue with the initialisation

17:04:06.015 Detected network event

17:04:06.015 Access denied

17:04:06.017 Access denied

17:04:06.017 Prompt (6, SSH password, , &Password: )

17:05:19.693 Disconnected: Unable to authenticate

17:05:19.705 (ESshFatal) Connection has been unexpectedly closed. Server 
sent command exit status 0.

17:05:19.705 Authentication log (see session log for details):

17:05:19.705 Using username "CONTOSO\TESTUSER".

17:05:19.705 Access denied.

17:05:19.706

17:05:19.706 Authentication failed.


On the server's end it looks a bit puzzling when looking in the logs. In 
the security log it looks like it's my CONTOSONET\CYG_Service account 
was trying to log on.
Also in the system log the testuser account ntlm account name looks 
strange with multiple back-slashes in it. Mind the accounts are in 
diferent domains although there is mutual trust between them. The're in 
the same forest.

___________________________________________________________

The computer attempted to validate the credentials for an account.

Authentication Package: MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0

Logon Account: NOUSER

Source Workstation:       SSHSERVER

Error Code:         0xC0000064

=============================================================================

An account failed to log on.

Subject:

                 Security ID:                         CONTOSONET\CYG_SERVICE

                 Account Name: CYGSERVICE

                 Account Domain:                             CONTOSONET

                 Logon ID:                             0x1EF0F8A

Logon Type:                                       2

Account For Which Logon Failed:

                 Security ID:                         NULL SID

                 Account Name: NOUSER

                 Account Domain:

Failure Information:

                 Failure Reason: Unknown user name or bad password.

Status:                                  0xC000006D

                 Sub Status:                         0xC0000064

Process Information:

                 Caller Process ID: 0x6d0

                 Caller Process Name: C:\cygwin\usr\sbin\sshd.exe

Network Information:

                 Workstation Name: SSHSERVER

                 Source Network Address:            -

                 Source Port:                       -

Detailed Authentication Information:

                 Logon Process: Advapi

                 Authentication Package:               
MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0

                 Transited Services:          -

                 Package Name (NTLM only): -

                 Key Length:                        0

This event is generated when a logon request fails. It is generated on 
the computer where access was attempted.

The Subject fields indicate the account on the local system which 
requested the logon. This is most commonly a service such as the Server 
service, or a local process such as Winlogon.exe or Services.exe.

The Logon Type field indicates the kind of logon that was requested. The 
most common types are 2 (interactive) and 3 (network).

The Process Information fields indicate which account and process on the 
system requested the logon.

The Network Information fields indicate where a remote logon request 
originated. Workstation name is not always available and may be left 
blank in some cases.

The authentication information fields provide detailed information about 
this specific logon request.

                 - Transited services indicate which intermediate 
services have participated in this logon request.

                 - Package name indicates which sub-protocol was used 
among the NTLM protocols.

                 - Key length indicates the length of the generated 
session key. This will be 0 if no session key was requested.

============================================================================================================================

A privileged service was called.

Subject:

                 Security ID:                         SYSTEM

                 Account Name: SSHSERVER$

                 Account Domain:                             CONTOSONET

                 Logon ID:                             0x3E7

Service:

                 Server: Security Account Manager

                 Service Name:   Security Account Manager

Process:

                 Process ID:          0x1f0

                 Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\lsass.exe

Service Request Information:

Privileges:                           SeTcbPrivilege


sshd: PID 3108: Invalid user CONTOSO\\TESTUSER from 159.x.x.x

sshd: PID 3108: input_userauth_request: invalid user CONTOSO\\\\TESTUSER 
[preauth]

sshd: PID 3108: Failed password for invalid user CONTOSO\\TESTUSER from 
159.x.x.x port 59652 ssh2

sshd: PID 3108: error: Received disconnect from 159.x.x.x: 13: Unable to 
authenticate [preauth]

sshd: PID 3108: Disconnected from 159.x.x.x [preauth]

sshd: PID 3108: error: mm_request_receive: socket closed
>>>> and how exactly did I screwed up my setup if I can actually access the
>>>> server with a domain user account no problem?
>>> On that, I'm surprized.
>> Maybe a bug then?
> Depends, what exactly was the state. But I'm not concerned.
> There's very few narrow use cases left for having passwd/group files around
> that it is better to just get rid of them.
> Because:
For this test I reinstalled without creating the passwd/group files to 
no avail.
>>> /etc/passwd/group has nothing to do with "access control".
>>> The files were only used to convert Windows to Cygwin names (and supply other
>>> Cygwin-specific information), on the presumption that there will never be too
>>> much of it. This is now done on the fly, allowing to deploy Cygwin in large
>>> domains.
>


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