Message-ID: <4A185E90.10704@cwilson.fastmail.fm>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 16:37:36 -0400
From: Charles Wilson <cygwin AT cwilson DOT fastmail DOT fm>
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To: cygwin AT cygwin DOT com
Subject: Re: Static linking issue under cygwin.
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Vladimir A. Petrov wrote:
> Hello!
> 
> I've faced with strange static linking issue in Cygwin environment.
> Trivial C program can not be linked against PostgreSQL libpq with the
> following diagnostics:
> 
> $ gcc -Wall -I /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/include/ -L
> /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/lib -lpq -o pgtest.exe
> pgtest.c
> /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/vap/LOCALS~1/Temp/cclXAlCk.o:pgtest.c:(.text+0x33):
> undefined reference to `_PQconnectdb'
> /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/vap/LOCALS~1/Temp/cclXAlCk.o:pgtest.c:(.text+0x78):
> undefined reference to `_PQstatus'
> /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/vap/LOCALS~1/Temp/cclXAlCk.o:pgtest.c:(.text+0x8c):
> undefined reference to `_PQerrorMessage'
> /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/vap/LOCALS~1/Temp/cclXAlCk.o:pgtest.c:(.text+0xc5):
> undefined reference to `_PQfinish'
> /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/vap/LOCALS~1/Temp/cclXAlCk.o:pgtest.c:(.text+0xd9):
> undefined reference to `_PQfinish'
> collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
> 
> The library is at place and has those symbols defined
> 
> $ nm /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/lib/libpq.a | egrep
> '(_PQconnectdb|_PQstatus|_PQerrorMessage|_PQfinish)'
> 00000000 T _PQstatus
> 00000000 I __imp__PQstatus
> 00000000 T _PQfinish
> 00000000 I __imp__PQfinish
> 00000000 T _PQerrorMessage
> 00000000 I __imp__PQerrorMessage
> 00000000 T _PQconnectdb
> 00000000 I __imp__PQconnectdb
> 
> This libpq.a is from PostgreSQL 8.2.9 distribution for win32.
> My cygcheck.out is in the attachment.
> 
> The similar problem is also reproducible at the another PC with
> different Cygwin installation and with different set of libraries
> (opengl-1.1.0-10 and freeglut-2.4.0-1) that in this case are part of
> the Cygwin distribution and were installed via standard Cygwin setup
> program. For details see attached fly-cubes-cygcheck.out and
> fly-cubes-link-failure.out. Most strange thing that belongs to this
> issue is that this sources could be successfully linked with the same
> package about one month ago, but after some day it became broken
> without any sight cause because Cygwing installation had never been
> changed.
> 
> Does anybody knows why this happens and how to solve this?

Bad:
$ gcc -Wall -I /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/include/ -L
/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/lib -lpq -o pgtest.exe
pgtest.c

Good:
gcc -Wall -I /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/include/ -L
/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/PostgreSQL/8.2/lib -o pgtest.exe
pgtest.c -lpq


Bad:
gcc -o fly-cubes.exe -lopengl32 -lglut32 -lglu32 fly-cubes.c

Good:
gcc -o fly-cubes.exe  fly-cubes.c -lopengl32 -lglut32 -lglu32


Fair-to-poor:
using gcc to go in one step from source code to executable. It works,
but it hides some of the issues -- especially *linking* issues -- from
you. You'd have an easier time diagnosing these problems if you broke it
down into separate compile and link steps (this rule applies on unix, too):

For example:
gcc -o fly-cubes.o -c fly-cubes.c
gcc -o fly-cubes.exe fly-cubes.o -lopengl32 -lglut32 -lglu32 (good)
gcc -o fly-cubes.exe -lopengl32 -lglut32 -lglu32 fly-cubes.o (bad)

Here, it is easy to see that the undefined symbols in fly-cubes.o are
satisfied by libraries that follow it on the link command in the first
case, but in the second case there is nothing "after" fly-cubes.o to do
so. This is obscured when you compile-and-link in a single step -- when
that works, great! but when it doesn't things are a bit opaque.

--
Chuck

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