From: pgarceau AT teleport DOT com (Paul Garceau) Subject: RE: EGCS-Mingw32 Win32 5 Sep 1998 02:20:55 -0700 Message-ID: <199809022048.NAA07127.cygnus.gnu-win32@cygnus.com> References: <002d01bdd65c$b5392b80$fa173185 AT gbird0 DOT fu DOT is DOT saga-u DOT ac DOT jp> Reply-To: pgarceau AT teleport DOT com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT To: "GNU-win32" Hi folks, On 2 Sep 98, at 19:30, the Illustrious Colin Peters wrote: Thanks for the quick reply Colin, it is appreciated. > Paul Garceau wrote: > > Under EGCS-Mingw32, why is it necessary to add a -l reference for > > User32 for a command such as: > > > > gcc test.c -o test.exe > > > > in order to generate a successful link? > > > (Assuming test.c uses some functions from the user32 DLL.) This is because > the only Win32 API library included by default in Mingw32 is kernel32 > (it's needed by the startup code). Ah hah! (a light dawns in an otherwise ding(e)y room...) > If you are writing a program that uses > other API functions then you need to link in the API libraries explicitly. Ok. > Now, if you are writing a GUI program you can use -mwindows and you will > automatically get user32 and a few other basic Win32 API libraries. > It was > done this way because GUI programs usually use the Win32 API, so it makes > sense to do the extra library linking. Agreed. > (Note: you can't do "gcc -o > test.exe test.c -mwindows" because the windows option will get sent to the > compiler as well as the linker, and the compiler doesn't understand it, so > you have to compile first and then link with -mwindows.) Ok, so in the linking phase is when -mwindows needs to be referenced, not during the compile itself. > > I suppose we could just include all those libraries by default all the > time, though I don't think it makes much difference once you understand > what's going on. I agree, it doesn't make sense if one knows what's going on...thanks again, Colin. Peace, Paul G. Information Systems Consultant NewDawn Productions http://www.teleport.com/~pgarceau/newdawn/ - For help on using this list (especially unsubscribing), send a message to "gnu-win32-request AT cygnus DOT com" with one line of text: "help".