From: colin AT fu DOT is DOT saga-u DOT ac DOT jp (Colin Peters)
Subject: RE: Alignment of Variables
16 Apr 1998 10:37:09 -0700
Message-ID: <003d01bd68e8$6af6c320$fa173185.cygnus.gnu-win32@gbird0.fu.is.saga-u.ac.jp>
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To: <Thomas DOT Irlet AT x400 DOT gr DOT admin DOT ch>
Cc: "GNU-Win32" <gnu-win32 AT cygnus DOT com>

Thomas DOT Irlet AT x400 DOT gr DOT admin DOT ch <Thomas DOT Irlet AT x400 DOT gr DOT admin DOT ch> wrote:

>I am using EGCS V1.0 with the MINGW32 Headers. Now I have a problem wi
>th the alignment of variables in the structure "BITMAPFILEHEADER". The
> structure is defined as
>
>typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER {
> WORD     bfType;
> DWORD  bfSize;
> WORD     bfReserved1;
> WORD     bfReserved2;
> DWORD  bfOffBits;
>} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
>
>My problem was now, that the compiler aligns all variables to their na
>tural boundaries, that is WORD to wordbouderies, DWORD to longbounderi
>es. To achieve this, a dummy WORD is inserted after bfType. To read in
> a BMP-file, this scrambles the whole header.
>What can I do to prevent the compiler to "optimize" this structures. A
>re there any "PRAGMA"'s, that could be used. A compilerswitch is not s
>o preferable, because in this case, very structure stays unoptimized.


In my version of Defines.h I have added

#define PACKED __attribute__((packed))

And then in Structures.h I have BITMAPFILEHEADER defined like this:

struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER
{
  WORD    bfType;
  DWORD   bfSize;
  WORD    bfReserved1;
  WORD    bfReserved2;
  DWORD   bfOffBits;
} PACKED;

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER BITMAPFILEHEADER;

Notice firstly the use of PACKED after the structure definition. This tells
gcc to make the structure packed (i.e. no padding for alignment). Secondly
notice that the typedef and struct declarations are separated. I found that

typedef struct
{
....
} PACKED BITMAPFILEHEADER;

Did not result in a packed structure... I don't know why (a bug in gcc?
Misuse of the attribute on my part?).

Anyway, the given strategy seems to work for those structures which need
packing in the Win32 API headers.

Colin.

-- Colin Peters - colin at fu.is.saga-u.ac.jp
-- Saga Univ. Dept. of Information Science
-- http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Towers/6162/index.html
-- http://www.fu.is.saga-u.ac.jp/~colin/index.html



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