Mail Archives: djgpp/2012/05/11/14:55:06
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| From: | John Wright <john AT wacontrols DOT com>
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| To: | djgpp AT delorie DOT com
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| Subject: | Fwd: Xlib example program compile error
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| Date: | Fri, 11 May 2012 13:54:14 -0500
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Content-Description: John Wright <jwright63 AT suddenlink DOT net>: Xlib example program compile error
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From: John Wright <jwright63 AT suddenlink DOT net>
Reply-To: jwright63 AT suddenlink DOT net
To: djgpp AT delorie DOT com
Subject: Xlib example program compile error
Date: Fri, 11 May 2012 10:32:00 -0500
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Message-Id: <201205111032 DOT 01520 DOT jwright63 AT suddenlink DOT net>
Here is the compiler output for xctest.c as it is written in the book. The
same errors show up for three other files that include "xwins.h" Last night I
went through everything line by line and changed how things were included or
defined and got it to compile, then it bombed out on "xwinutil.c", showing
parse error before {
}
just like below, there is no parse error before 'theFGpix'. All of these
errors go away when I define
typedef struct XWIN
.
.
.
back in xctest.c
I also explicetly added back some "ifndef" statements that should be picked in
"xwins.h" and "xwinutil.c".
Like....
XContext xwin_context;
Anyway, something ain't right but I bet is is simple. I can't really explain
all the details here because the compiler is going to give a different set of
error messages depending on how I rearrange things. Even though I got xctest.c
compiled, I'm sure there would be issues in linking. initapp.c and app_globb.c
are fine. They are clean! They were created in the previous chapter. Of course,
initapp.c sets up all the attributes and gory details of display.
gcc -c -O xctest.c
In file included from xctest.c:13:
xwins.h:45: storage class specified for parameter `xwin_context'
In file included from xctest.c:14:
app_glob.c:27: storage class specified for parameter `theDisplay'
app_glob.c:28: storage class specified for parameter `theGC'
app_glob.c:29: storage class specified for parameter `AppDone'
app_glob.c:30: storage class specified for parameter `theEvent'
app_glob.c:31: storage class specified for parameter `theFontStruct'
app_glob.c:32: storage class specified for parameter `theBGpix'
app_glob.c:33: parse error before `theFGpix'
xctest.c: In function `main':
xctest.c:50: `MainXWA' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:50: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
xctest.c:50: for each function it appears in.)
xctest.c:57: `theFontStruct' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:57: `quit_label' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:62: `theFGpix' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:62: `theBGpix' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:62: `theMain' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:63: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
xctest.c:65: `flip_label' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:67: `FlipButton' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:75: `AppDone' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:77: `theDisplay' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:77: `theEvent' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:89: `theGC' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:90: `messages' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:100: `xwin_context' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:110: request for member `event_handler' in something not a structure
or union
xctest.c:111: request for member `event_handler' in something not a structure
or union
xctest.c: In function `quit_action':
xctest.c:137: `AppDone' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c: In function `flip_action':
xctest.c:157: `max_messages' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:163: `theDisplay' undeclared (first use this function)
xctest.c:163: `theMain' undeclared (first use this function)
make: *** [xctest.o] Error 1
## Project Makefile for Chapter8, - X Window System Programming
##
## DEFINES
##
RM = rm -f
CC = gcc
##EXEC= wintest
##
## -g = Debugging info
## -O = Optimize (cannot have -g then)
## -m486 = Optimize for Intel 486 processor
## -i686 = Optimize for Intel 486 processor
##
CFLAGS= -O
##
##
## Compiler INCLUDES & LIBRARIES
##
INCLUDE= -I. -I/usr/X11R6/include
LIB= -L/usr/X11R6/lib # library directory path
LIBS= -lX11 -lmalloc # link libraries
##
## Rule to create .o files from .c files
.c.o:
$(RM) $@
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $*.c
## Targets and dependencies
all:: xctest
xctest.o: xctest.c app_glob.c xwins.h
initapp.o: initapp.c app_glob.c
xwinutil.o: xwinutil.c app_glob.c xwins.h
xbutton.o: xbutton.c app_glob.c xwins.h
xctest: xctest.o initapp.o xwinutil.o xbutton.o
$(RM) $@
$(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) xctest.o initapp.o xwinutil.o xbutton.o $(LIB)
$(LIBS)
**** I don't understand why "xwins.h" is included as a dependency in the
makefile rule?
/*
* File: xwins.h
*
* Defines data structures for windows
*
*/
#ifndef XWINS_H
#define XWINS_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/Xresource.h>
typedef struct XWIN
{
Window xid;
Window parent;
void *data;
int (*event_handler)();
} XWIN;
/*
* Function prototypes
*/
void xwin_init(void);
XWIN *MakeXButton(int x, int y, unsigned height, unsigned bdwidth,
unsigned long bdcolor, unsigned long bgcolor,
Window parent, char *text, int (*button_action)(),
caddr_t action_data;
/*
* Global variable
*/
#ifdef XWIN_UTIL
XContext xwin_context;
#else
extern XContext xwin_context;
#endif /* #ifdef XWIN_UTIL */
#endif /* #ifndef XWINS_H */
/*
* File: app_glob.c
*
* Declare the common global variables for X applications.
*/
#ifndef APP_GLOB_C /* To ensure that it is included once */
#define APP_GLOB_C
#ifdef DEF_APP_GLOB /* Defined in the initapp.c file */
Display *theDisplay; /* Connection to the X display */
GC theGC; /* The graphics context for main */
int AppDone = 0; /* A flag to indicate when done */
XEvent theEvent; /* Structure for current event */
XFontStruct *theFontStruct; /* Info on the default font */
unsigned long theBGpix; /* Background and foreground */
unsigned long theFGpix; /* pixel values of the main window */
char *theAppName = " "; /* The applications name */
Window theMain; /* The applications main window */
XWindowAttributes MainXWA; /* Attributes of the main window */
#else
extern Display *theDisplay;
extern GC theGC;
extern int AppDone;
extern XEvent theEvent;
extern XFontStruct *theFontStruct;
extern unsigned long theBGpix,
theFGpix;
extern char *theAppName;
extern Window theMain;
extern XWindowAttributes MainXWA;
#endif /* #ifdef DEF_APP_GLOB */
#endif /* #ifndef APP_GLOB_C */
/*
* File: xwinutil.c
*
* Utility routine for context-managed reusable windows.
*
*/
#define XWIN_UTIL
#include "xwins.h"
void xwin_init(void)
{
/*
* Create a unique context to reference data associated
* with the windows.
*/
xwin_context = XUniqueContext();
}
/*
* File: xctest.c
*
* Use Xlib Context management routines to save data
* associated with each window.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include "xwins.h"
#include "app_glob.c"
char *quit_label = "Quit";
char *flip_label = "Next Message";
char *messages[ ] =
{
"Testing Xlib Context Manager",
"You can create multiple buttons easily",
"All buttons share the same code",
"Each button has its own data"
};
int max_messages = sizeof(messages) / sizeof(char *);
int msgnum = 0;
/*
* Function prototypes.
*/
void initapp(int, char **, int, int, unsigned, unsigned);
int quit_action(caddr_t);
int flip_action(caddr_t);
/*------------------------------End of page 198-------------------------------
*/
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
Window *QuitButton, *flipButton, *which_xwin;
unsigned quit_width, quit_height, flip_width;
xwin_init();
initapp(argc, argv, 20, 20, 300, 100);
printf("Assigned window geometry: %dx%d+%d+%d\n", MainXWA.width,
MainXWA.height, MainXWA.x, MainXWA.y);
/*
* Create the two buttons.
*/
quit_width = XTextWidth(theFontStruct, quit_label, strlen(quit_label))
+ 4;
quit_height = theFontStruct->max_bounds.ascent +
theFontStruct->max_bounds.descent + 4;
QuitButton = MakeXButton(1, 1, quit_width, quit_height,
1, theFGpix, theBGpix, theMain,
quit_label, quit_action, NULL);
flip_width = XTextWidth(theFontStruct, flip_label, strlen(flip_label)) +
4;
FlipButton = MakeXbutton(quit_width+4, 1, flip_width, quit_height, 1,
theFGpix, theBGpix, theMain, flip_label, flip_action,
NULL);
/*
* Event handling loop.
*
*/
while (!AppDone)
{
XNextEvent(theDisplay, &theEvent);
/*
* Main window is handled here
*/
if (theEvent.xany.window == theMain)
{
if (theEvent.type == Expose &&
theEvent.xexpose.count == 0)
{
XClearWindow(theDisplay, theMain);
XDrawString(theDisplay, theMain, theGC,
50, 50, messages[msgnum],
strlen(messages[msgnum]));
}
}
/*
* For all other windows, retrieve the XWIN data from Xlib
* using the context manager routine XFindContext.
*/
if (XFindContext(theDisplay, theEvent.xany.window, xwin_context,
(caddr_t *) &which_xwin) == 0)
{
/*-----------------------------------End of page
199---------------------------*/
/*
* Call the event handler of this XWIN structure.
*/
if (*(which_xwin->event_handler) != NULL)
(*(which_xwin->event_handler))(which_xwin);
}
}
/*
* Close connection to display and exit.
*/
XCloseDisplay(theDisplay);
exit(0);
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
/*
* QUIT _ ACTION
*
* This routine is called when a ButtonPress event occurs in the
* quit window.
*/
int quit_action(caddr_t data)
{
/* Set the data done flag */
AppDone = 1;
return 1;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
/*
* FLIP _ ACTION
*
* This routine is called when a ButtPress event occurs the
* quit window.
*/
int flip_action(caddr_t data)
{
/*
* Change the message to be displayed.
*/
msgnum = (msgnum + 1) % max_messages;
/*
* Clear the main window, so that new message is displayed.
*/
XClearArea(theDisplay, theMain, 0, 0, 0, 0, True);
return 1;
}
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