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Date:	Wed, 5 Feb 2025 01:27:38 -0500
To:	Splitline Ng <splitline AT devco DOT re>
Cc:	cygwin AT cygwin DOT com
Subject:	Re: Potential Argument Injection Issue in Cygwin's Command Line
	Handling
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From:	Glenn Strauss via Cygwin <cygwin AT cygwin DOT com>
Reply-To:	Glenn Strauss <gs-cygwin DOT com AT gluelogic DOT com>
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On Wed, Feb 05, 2025 at 11:45:10AM +0800, Splitline Ng via Cygwin wrote:
> Hi Marco,
> 
> > $ python3.12
> >  Python 3.12.8 (main, Jan 31 2025, 21:29:51) [GCC 12.4.0] on cygwin
> >  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >   import subprocess
> >   subprocess.run(['./test.exe', '"', " a b c"])
> >  argv[0] = ./test
> >  argv[1] = "
> >  argv[2] =  a b c
> >  CompletedProcess(args=['./test.exe', '"', ' a b c'], returncode=0)
> >
> > it seems correct to me for a Cygwin Python
> 
> This behavior appears correct for Cygwin Python because it assumes it
> is running on a POSIX system. As a result, it uses Cygwin's simulated
> `execve` system call rather than Windows' command-line parsing
> mechanism and the parsing mechanism within Cygwin itself is consistent
> so everything goes fine here.
> To be more specific, the issue happens when a program thinks it is
> still on Windows, so it uses Microsoft C startup convention to escape
> and pass command line string and spawn that executable with
> CreateProcess API. But it turns out Cygwin C startup function doesn't
> fully follow that convention.
> 
> > PS: Windows is not very consistent on quoting behaviour, e.g.
> > https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/blob/dev/doc/quoting-issues-with-powershell.md
> 
> I think we should distinguish between shell parsing and command-line
> parsing -- command-line parsing is all done by the executable itself
> instead of the shell (powershell, cmd, bash etc.)
> On Windows, arguments are parsed by the executable itself rather than
> the shell. This means the shell does not pass an argv[] array directly
> to the executable but instead sends the full command line string. Here
> is a good article about this
> https://daviddeley.com/autohotkey/parameters/parameters.htm#WIN
> 
> Regards,
> splitline
> 
> On Tue, Feb 4, 2025 at 2:15 PM Splitline Huang <splitline AT devco DOT re> wrote:
> >
> > Hello Cygwin team,
> >
> > I am splitline from DEVCORE research team. I recently have observed an inconsistency
> > in how Cygwin handles command-line parsing compared to Microsoft’s implementation.
> >
> >
> > According to Microsoft’s documentation [1], the \" sequence should always be
> > interpreted as a literal double quote ("):
> > > A double quote mark preceded by a backslash (\") is interpreted as a literal
> > > double quote mark (").
> >
> > However, in Cygwin, the same sequence treats the backslash as a literal character
> > and starts quote mode instead.
> >
> > [1] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-language/parsing-c-command-line-arguments
> >
> > This inconsistency can cause unexpected behavior when passing executable arguments
> > via the command line (as opposed to Cygwin’s `execve` method), potentially leading
> > to argument injection vulnerabilities.
> >
> >
> > Below is my testing process using the Python from Python.org (not the Cygwin version):
> >
> >
> > splitline AT SPLITLINE0D06 ~
> >
> > $ which gcc
> >
> > /usr/bin/gcc
> >
> > splitline AT SPLITLINE0D06 ~
> >
> > $ cat test.c
> >
> > #include <stdio.h>
> >
> >
> > int main(int argc, char* argv[], char* envp[]) {
> >
> >     for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
> >
> >         printf("argv[%d] = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
> >
> > }
> >
> > splitline AT SPLITLINE0D06 ~
> >
> > $ gcc test.c -o test.exe
> >
> > splitline AT SPLITLINE0D06 ~
> >
> > $ which python
> >
> > /cygdrive/c/Python313/python
> >
> > splitline AT SPLITLINE0D06 ~
> >
> > $ python
> >
> > Python 3.13.1 (tags/v3.13.1:0671451, Dec  3 2024, 19:06:28) [MSC v.1942
> >
> > 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
> >
> > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >
> > >>> import subprocess
> >
> > >>> subprocess.run(['./test.exe', '"', " a b c"]) # should be only 2 args
> >
> > argv[0] = ./test
> >
> > argv[1] = \
> >
> > argv[2] = a
> >
> > argv[3] = b
> >
> > argv[4] = c
> >
> > CompletedProcess(args=['./test.exe', '"', ' a b c'], returncode=0)
> >
> > >>>
> >
> >
> >
> > As we can see, it should originally be only 2 arguments: ["] and [ a b c]. However,
> > the command line is parsed into 4 different arguments.
> >
> > Note: With that Python code, the spawned command line is: ./test.exe \" " a b c"
> >
> > Please let me know if you have any questions, thanks!
> >
> > Best regards,
> > splitline
> > DEVCORE

Windows is security deficient in this area, not Cygwin.

I'll quote myself to share my opinion:
https://git.lighttpd.net/lighttpd/lighttpd1.4/src/branch/master/src/fdevent_win32.c#L543
     * The Microsoft CreateProcess() interface is criminally broken.
     * Forcing argument strings to be concatenated into a single string
     * only to be re-parsed by Windows can lead to security issues.
     *
     * Above comment from 2021 was true then as now in 2025
     * https://blog.orange.tw/posts/2025-01-worstfit-unveiling-hidden-transformers-in-windows-ansi/

Cheers, Glenn

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