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Subject:	Re: slow startup after upgrade
Date:	Tue, 10 Feb 2015 15:52:35 -0700
References:	<CANSY7SA+BuZX03nDHFyaFF5FCwu5yw6j32YzCH6AkRNJxRSDpg AT mail DOT gmail DOT com> <CANSY7SBzYP7AwWN+teUoFcY1Mfgeyj-f_3qT7bvA4-Nc6gv3iQ AT mail DOT gmail DOT com> <20150210093816 DOT GG15989 AT calimero DOT vinschen DOT de>
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> On Feb 10, 2015, at 2:38 AM, Corinna Vinschen <corinna-cygwin AT cygwin DOT com>=
 wrote:
>=20
>  "Starting a Cygwin shell is slow, what's going on?"
>=20
> I'd not be overly grudgy if somebody wants to come up with a FAQ text=E2=
=80=A6

I=E2=80=99m not entirely sure I understand the problem, but I=E2=80=99ve at=
tached a starting point.

I=E2=80=99m pretty sure the issue brought up in this thread isn=E2=80=99t t=
he only possible cause of slow launches.  DNS can do it, too, and I suspect=
 if I wracked my brain some more on it, I could come up with other causes.

The DocBook isn=E2=80=99t validated.  It may need to be adjusted before it =
will let the FAQ document build correctly.  It might also be good to includ=
e olinks or ulinks to other parts of the Cygwin docs.


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<title>Starting a new terminal window is slow. What's going on?</title>

<para>There are many possible causes for this. This answer is more a list of things to look into than a set of solutions.</para>

<orderedlist>
	<listitem>
		<para>If your terminal windows suddenly began starting slowly after a Cygwin upgrade, the most likely cause is that you have an outdated authentication setup.</para>

		<para>For almost all its lifetime, Cygwin has used Unix-like <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files to mirror the contents of the Windows SAM and AD databases. Although these files can still be used, since Cygwin 1.7.34, new installations now use the SAM/AD databases directly.</para>

		<para>To switch to the new method, move these two files out of the way and restart the Cygwin terminal. That runs Cygwin in its new default mode. If you are on a system that isn't using AD domain logins, this makes Cygwin use the native Windows SAM database directly, which may be faster than the old method involving <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and such. At worst, it will only be a bit slower. (Which situation applies depends on the benchmark you run.)</para>

		<para>If you are on an AD system, a hybrid approach you might consider is to re-run <programname>mkpasswd</programname> and <programname>mkgroup</programname>, then put the following into <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> to make Cygwin treat these files as read-only local caches of your AD database:</para>

		<screen>
			passwd: files
			group:  files
		</screen>

		<para>By leaving out the "db" option, we are telling the Cygwin DLL not to even <emphasis>try</emphasis> to do AD lookups. If your AD servers are slow, this local cache will speed things up. The downside is the old stale cache problem: any time the AD databases change, your local cache will go out of date until you update the files manually.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
		<para>Another common cause of slow Cygwin Terminal starts is a bad DNS setup. Many things that occur during a Cygwin Terminal startup require fast DNS lookups.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
		<para>More...?</para>
	</listitem>
</orderedlist>

<para>If none of the above helps, the best troubleshooting method is to run your startup scripts in debug mode. Right-click your Cygwin Terminal icon, go to Properties, and edit the command. It should be something like <command>C:\cygwin\bin\mintty.exe -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico -</command>. Assuming you are using Bash for your login shell, change it to <command>C:\cygwin64\bin\mintty /bin/bash -lx</command> That will cause it to write out a line for every command it runs. A slow Cygwin Terminal launch usually means one or more of the many commands Cygwin runs when starting up will take a long time. That will be your clue as to what's going on.</para>

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